Lithium Iron phosphate batteries have become increasingly popular due to their high energy density, lightweight design and eco-friendliness compared to conventional lead-acid batteries. However, to optimize their benefits, it is essential to understand how to store them correctly. Improper storage can lead to reduced capacity, premature aging or even dangerous situations. Not only does proper lithium battery storage ensure safety, but it also protects your investment by maximizing battery lifespan and maintaining high performance.

State of Charge

Unlike other types of battery packs, a lithium battery does not require trickle charge voltage. Therefore there is no need to provide a power source when the battery is stored. They should neither be stored fully charged nor completely discharged. Fully charged puts stress on its components, potentially leading to a faster loss of capacity over time. Completely discharged can cause serious and irreversible damage to your battery even when it is under warranty. Maintaining a mid-level charge helps preserve the battery's health during storage. That's why storing the battery with a state of charge of 40-50% is recommended to be at a safe end.

When a battery is not connected, no external appliance draws power from it. However, this does not stop the battery's internal chemical reactions from occurring. You can not save the battery from self-discharging because it is inevitable, but you should know that frequent self-discharg for a longer time can damage the internal structure of the LiFePO4 battery. That is why you should recharge the battery every 3-6 months. This will maintain the battery's health and keep it in excellent working condition when it is taken out for use.

Temperature

Temperature is a critical aspect of lithium battery storage. Temperature fluctuations significantly affect the performance and lifespan of lithium batteries. Never store batteries in freezing conditions or extreme heat. The ideal temperature range for lithium battery storage is 20℃ to 25℃. This temperature range helps to maintain the battery's chemical stability and avoids rapid aging. Avoid exposing batteries to direct sunlight or storing them near heat sources. High temperatures can cause internal expansion, potentially damaging the battery's structure. Extremely cold temperatures may cause some battery component to crack (such as its plastic casing). Therefore, it is a good idea to store lithium batteries indoors and avoid extremely cold temperatures.

Moisture

Moisture is detrimental to LiFePO4 batteries as it can cause corrosion or damage to their internal components. A dry environment is essential to prevent corrosion of battery terminals and potential short circuits. High humidity can lead to condensation which may seep into the battery and cause internal damage. Storing batteries in dry environment, free from moisture helps preserve their integrity and prevents the risk of short circuits or malfunctions.

Handling

Proper handling is crucial for safe lithium battery storage. Always handle batteries with clean, dry hands to prevent moisture or contaminants. When moving batteries in and out of storage, do so gently to avoid physical damage. For batteries with exposed terminals, consider using small rubber caps or electrical tape for added protection.

Location

When deciding where to store lithium batteries, the primary considerations are safety, performance and longevity. It is crucial to stored lithium batteries in a temperature-controlled indoor environment to protect them from the detrimental effects of extreme cold. Ensure the storage area is cool, dry and well-ventilated to prevent overheating and reduce the risk of fire. Keep the batteries away from flammable materials and avoid exposure to direct sunlight or heat sources.

Conclusion

Compared to sealed lead-acid batteries, LiFePO4 batteries have a lower self-discharge rate and are more convenient to store. However, proper storage of LiFePO4 batteries is essential to maximize their lifespan and maintain their performance. Poor storage conditions can lead to a decrease in battery capacity, reduced performance or even permanent damage. By following the guidelines  outlined in this article, you can significantly reduce the risks associated with battery storage.